Abstract
Benzoic acid and its salts are commonly used as a preservatives in food products. Excess amounts of benzoic acid can be harmful to human health. Therefore, the determination of benzoic acid is important in routine analysis of foods. The aim of this study was to determine amounts ofbenzoic acids in some foodstuffs and to evaluate whether these amounts were within the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) values or not.
For this purpose, total number of 80 samples consisting of 20 ketchup (A, B firms), 20 sauce (C, D firms) and 40 jam samples (E, F, G, H, I, J, K firms) were collected from supermarkets, Ankara Region. In this research, spectrophotometric method was used for the quantitative determination of benzoic acid in ketchup, sauce and jam samples. Mean amounts (X± S.E) of benzoic acidin ketchupsamples of A and B firm were found as 152.32±18.41 and 1008.21±30.74 mg/kg, respectively. Mean amounts (X± S.E) of benzoic acidin sauce samples of C and D firm were determined as 990.85±26.00 and 1148.19±43.62 mg/kg, respectively. Also, mean amounts (X± S.E) of benzoic acidwere found as 435.27±26.07mg/kg in 8 jam samples of E firm. Our data revealed that while mean amounts of benzoic acid of A and C firms were found within TFC values, benzoic acid amounts of B and D firms samples were higher than the TFC values. Furthermore, some jam samples of firm E was not found appropriate to TFC.
References
Anonymous. European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General. Opinion on benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. 4th plenary of 21 June 2005; 2005a.
Shan D, Li Q, Xue H, Cosnier S. A highly reversible and sensitive tyrosinase inhibition-based amperometric biosensor for benzoic acid monitoring. Sens Actuators B Chem 2008; 134: 1016-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.07.006
Han F, He YZ, Li L, Fu GN, Xie HY, Gan WE. Determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in food products using electrokinetic flow analysis-ion pair solid phase extarction-capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 618: 79-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.041
Qi P, Hong H, Liang X, Liu D. Assessment of benzoic acid levels in milk in China. Food Control 2009; 20: 414-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.07.013
Tfouni SAV, Toledo MCF. Determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in Brazilian food. Food Control 2002; 13: 117-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(01)00084-6
Rangan C, Barceloux DG. Food additives and sensitivities. Med Toxicol 2009; 55: 292-11. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.01.004
Anonymous. WHO benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 26; 2005b.
Dong C, Wang W. Headspace solid-phase microextraction applied to the simultaneous determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in beverages, Anal Chim Acta 2006; 562: 23-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.045
Hamzah HH, Yusof NA, Salleh AB, Abu Bakar F. An optical test strip for the detection of benzoic acid in food. Sensors 2011; 11: 7302-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110807302
Anonymous. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. Prepared by the 46th meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Food Additives Series 37); 1996.
Chu TY, Chen CL, Wang HF. A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of preservatives in soy sauce. J Food Drug Anal 2003; 11(3): 246-50.
Anonymous. JECFA Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. General standard for food additives, Codex Stan 192-1995 (Revised 5-2004). 2004; p. 79.
Anonymous. Turkish Food Codex, Food additives. 29.12.2011-28157; 2011.
AOAC Official Methods of Analysis (2005) Benzoic Acid in Nonsolid Food and Beverages Spectrophotometric Method. In: Horwitz W, Latimer GW (ed) AOAC International, Virginia, Arlington, 960.38, Chapter 47, 2005.
Yentür G, Gürel H, Orman M, Bayhan A. Ankara piyasas?ndan sa?lanan baz? g?da maddelerinde sorbik asit ve benzoik asit miktarlar?n?n gaz kromatografisi yöntemi ile ara?t?r?lmas?. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1995; 42: 451-5 (In Turkish).
Daniel NW. Bioistatistic: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences, 5th edn. Wiley, New York 1991.
Yentür G, Bayhan A. Baz? g?da maddelerinde sorbik asit ve benzoik asit miktarlar?n?n ara?t?r?lmas?. G?da 1990; 15(2): 79-82 (In Turkish).
Koyuncu N, Uyla?er V. Determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in Turkish food using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Food Process Preserv 2009; 33(3): 361- 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00256.x
Saad B, Bari MF, Saleh MI, Ammad K, Talib MK. Simultaneous determination of preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methylparaben and propylparaben) in foodstuffs using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 2005, 393-7.
Ferreira IMPLVO, Mendes E, Brito P, Ferreira MA. Simultaneous determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in quince jam by HPLC. Food Res Int 2000; 33: 113-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00014-4
Mota JMF, Ferreira I, Cunha SC, Beatriz M, Oliveira PP. Optimisation of extraction procedures for analysis of benzoic and sorbic acids foodstuffs. Food Chem 2003; 82: 469-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00116-X
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2013 Gülderen Güzel, Buket Er, Burak Demirhan, Gülderen Yentür , Aysel Bayhan Öktem