Structural Characterization of ZS – 2A: An Antiplasmodial Compound Isolated from Zizyphus spina-christi Root Bark
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5951.2011.01.01.09Keywords:
ZS-2A, spectroscopy, thermo-analysis, betulinic acidAbstract
Zizyphus spina-christi (Rhamnaceae) is a popular medicinal plant that grows wildly in Asia and Tropical Africa. The plant is widely used in ethnomedical practice for the treatment of fever. As a step towards the isolation of biologically active constituents of this plant, we carried out a bioassay guided extraction of the root bark using solvents of varying polarity including, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol. An antiplasmodial compound, designated as ZS-2A, was isolated from the chloroform extract and the chemical structure of the compound was characterized using UVvisible, IR, 13C and 1H NMR and thermo-analytical techniques. Our analysis established ZS – 2A as a betulinic acid.
References
Al-Said M.S., 1993. Traditional medicinal plants of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Clinical Medicine, 21, 291 - 298.
Burkill H.M., 1997. The Useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. UK. Vol.4, pp. 493 - 496.
Adzu B., Haruna A.K., 2007. Studies on the use of Zizyphus spina-christi against pain in rats and mice. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 1317 – 1324.
Adzu B., Haruna A.K., Salawu O.A., Sule A., 2007a. Bioassay-guided evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal potentials of Zizyphus spina-christi rootbark in rats. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1, 15 – 20.
Adzu B., Haruna A.K., Salawu O.A., Katsayal U.A., Njan A., 2007b. In vivo antiplasmodial activity of ZS-2A: A fraction from chloroform extract of Zizyphus spina-christi rootbark against Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1: 281 – 286.
Adzu B., Haruna A.K., Ilyas M., Gamaniel K.S., 2008. CNS activity of ZS-1A: Phytoceutical from Zizyphus spina-christi rootbark. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2, 456 – 461.
Yu L., Zhao M., Yang B., Zhao Q., Jiang Y., 2007. Phenolics from hull of Garcia mangostana fruit and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry, 104, 176 – 181.
O’neill M.J., 1964. The analysis of a temperature-controlled scanning calorimeter. Analytical Chemistry, 36, 1238 – 1245.
Finar I.L., 1975. Organic Chemistry Vol. 2: Stereochemistry and the chemistry of natural product. 5th ed. Longmans Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd. pp. 17 – 18.
Furniss B.S., Hannaford A.J., Smith P.W.G., Tatchell A.R., 1989. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd, pp. 236, 259, 1413.
Shaari K., Waterman P.G., 1996. D; A-Friedo – oleanane triterpenes from the stem of Homalium longifolium. Phytochemistry, 41, 867 – 869.
Lima E.M.C., Medeiros J.M.R., Davin L.B., 2003. Pentacyclic triterpenes from Euphorbia slygiana. Phytochemistry, 63, 421 – 425.
Jeller A.H., Silva D.H.S., Liao L.M., Bolzani V., da S, Furlan M., 2004. Antioxidant phenolic and quinonemethide triterpenes from Cheiloclinium cognatum. Phytochemistry, 65, 1977 – 1982.
Na M., Cui L., Min B.S., Bae K., Yoo J.K., Kim B.Y., Oh W.K., Ahn J.S., 2006. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of triterpenes isolated from Astilbe korea. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16, 3273 – 3276.
Cáceres – Castillo D., Mena – Rejón G.J., Cedillo – Rivera R., Quijano L., 2008. 21 – Hydroxy – Oleanane – type triterpenes from Hippocratea excelsa. Phytochemistry, 69, 1057 – 1064.
Yogeeswari P., Sriram D., 2005. Betulinic acid and its derivatives: A review on their biological properties. Curr. Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 657 – 666.
de Sa M.S., Costa J.F., Krettli A.U., Zalis M.G., Maia G.L., Sette I.M., Camara Cde A., Filho J.M., Giulietti-Harley A.M., Ribeiro Dos Santos R., Soares M.B., 2009. Antimalarial activity of betulinic acid and derivatives in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo berghei-infected mice. Parasitological Research, 105, 275 – 279.
Jäger S., Trojan H., Kopp T., Laszczyk M.N., Scheffler A., 2009. Pentacyclic triterpene distribution in various plants-rich sources for a new group of multi- potent plant extracts. Molecules, 4, 2016 – 2031.
Suksamrarn A, Tanachatchairatana T, Kanokmedhakw S (2003). Antiplasmodial triterpenes from twigs of Gardenia saxatilis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88, 275 – 277.
Domínguez-Carmona D.B., Escalante F., García-Sosa K., Ruiz-Pinell G., Gutierrez-Yabu D., Chan-Bacab M.J., Gimenez-Turba A., Penňa-Rodríguez L.M., 2010. Antiprotozoal activity of betulinic acid derivatives. Phytomedicine, 17, 379 – 382.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Similar Articles
- Rashidi Othman , Fatimah Azzahra Mohd Zaifuddin , Norazian Mohd Hassan, Isolation and Purification of β-Carotene from Morinda citrifolia as HPLC Standard and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 7 No. 3 (2017)
- A. Rasheed, S. Junaid, T. Ahmad, Detection of Outliers in Bioequivalence Studies Data Analysis with Williams Design , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011)
- Kandasamy Nagarajan, Sneha Singh, Taleuzzaman, Sadaf J. Gilani , A. Mazumder, Assessment of Anti-Oxidant Potency of Small Chain Glycopeptides Using DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 2 No. 2 (2012)
- Collen Musara , Elizabeth Bosede Aladejana , Silas M. Mudyiwa, Review of Botany, Nutritional, Medicinal, Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam, (Rhizophoraceae) , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 10 No. 4 (2020)
- Sovan Pattanaik, Sudam Chandra Si, Sudhanshu Sekhar Rout, Anindya Bose , Siva Shankar Nayak, In Silico Design & Development of Some Selected Flavonols Against Beta–Glucuronidase Inhibitory Activity , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015)
- Belmahi Mohamed Habib, Mecheri Imane, Mohamed Amine Kerdoun, Tetracycline Residues in Milk and Vitreous Humor: Risks of Indirect Antibiotic Resistance , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 15 (2025)
- Alejandro González Álvarez, Manuel Gómez Barrera, Joaquín Borrás Blasco , Emilio José Giner Serret, Adalimumab and Etanercept in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthropathies: Budget Impact Model of Dose Reduction , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014)
- Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah , Rashidi Othman , Norazian Mohd. Hassan , Nurul Widad Fitri Muhammad, Ainaa Eliah Abu Bakar , Nur Hidayah Noh , Noraini Mahmad, Hot Acid Extraction, Characterisation and Scavenging Activity of Pectin from Hylocereus polyrhizus , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 9 No. 5 (2019)
- Ziming, Dianpeng Li, Haiying Jiang, Guiyun Qian, Weiguo Sui, Guimian Zou, Hourui Zhang, The Effects of Consumption L-Arabinose on Metabolic Syndrome in Humans , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
- Kanokkarn Phromnoi , Maitree Suttajit, Chalermpong Saenjum, Polyphenols and Rosmarinic acid Contents, Antioxidant and Anti- Inflammatory Activities of Different Solvent Fractions from Nga- Mon (Perilla frutescens) Leaf , Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences : Vol. 9 No. 5 (2019)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.